改善弯道急流流态的试验研究

在泄水工程布置时，因受地形条件限制，急流弯道往往难以避免。水流进入弯道后将做曲线运动，在离心惯性力和重力的共同作用下，水流流态变得异常复杂。因此弯道急流的改善问题是实际工程中需要解决的具体问题。针对马家岩水库放空洞末端弯道水流情况，结合水工模型试验，提出了在弯道底部设置导流坎和在边壁设置导向翼的两种工程措施，并进行了试验分析比较。两者对减小弯道水面横比降、改善水流流态均有较好效果。特别是改善了弯道出口断面的水舌厚度和流速横向分布的均匀性，保证了末端挑流消能的稳定性和安全性。     

超细煤水浆与柴油混合液的流变特性

煤水浆(CWM)是一种新型的正在开发的可工业化的石油代用燃料。而将煤水浆用于柴油机则处于试验阶段。流变特性是煤水浆性质判定的主要依据之一。本文将就下列三方面对超细煤木浆与柴油组成的混合液(用作柴油机燃料)的流变特性进行分析:(1)流变模型和流变参量;(2)超细煤水浆与柴油的最佳混合比;(3)触变性。     

稀薄燃烧空燃比控制技术

为解决能源和环境两大难题,使发动机工作在稀薄燃烧区,而稀薄燃烧技术的关键是发动机空燃比的控制;采用先进的计算机控制技术使发动机在最佳稀薄空燃比下工作,有效改善发动机动力性、燃油经济性、降低尾气污染。     

电涡流缓速器对车辆制动稳定性的影响分析

修正车辆理想制动力分配曲线使之适用于装用电涡流缓速器的车辆,对装用电涡流缓速器的车辆制动稳定性进行了定性分析,并且提出了增加前后制动器制动力的分配系数来提高装用缓速器后的车辆制动稳定性的技术措施.对给定参数的车辆的定量分析表明,提出的技术措施能扩大车辆同步附着系数的范围,降低车辆后轮先抱死的可能性,提高车辆的制动稳定性.     

Impacts of Institutional Reforms on Irrigated Agriculture in Pakistan

Poor functioning of theirrigation system in Pakistan has been asource of concern for the last few decades,during which time it has been the subject ofconsiderable external assistance andinternal policy reforms. Consequently, thegovernment of Pakistan introducedinstitutional restructuring in irrigationand drainage subsectors to impartnecessary improvements. Under thesereforms, management at secondary canallevel has recently been handed over to theFarmers Organizations (FOs) of selecteddistributaries in pilot areas. This studywas designed to evaluate a farmer-manageddistributary in southern Punjab. Fieldmeasurements revealed that hydraulicaspects of the irrigation service deliveredby the FO management has been significantlyimproved and as a result highlyproportionate and equitable waterdistribution was observed, particularly atthe tail reaches of the distributary. Dueto effective FO management farmers'interventions to increase the outletdischarge by illegal means has been almosteradicated. As a result of theseimprovements imparted by the FO in systemmanagement, the extent of irrigated area hasincreased on average by 6 to 7%, evenunder severe drought-like conditionsprevailing in the country during recentyears. Further cost recoveries haveincreased by an amount of 14% for summerand 23% for winter growing seasons,respectively, from the irrigated area of thedistributary. Thus experience from Hakra4-R distributary has shown that even underundesirable natural circumstancesIrrigation Management Transfer (IMT) wasquite effective in achieving the keytargets of the institutional reformslaunched at pilot scale in the country.     

小型可移动式循环干燥机的试验研究

涉及了一种小型可移动式干燥机的研制和试验研究。论文首先阐述了该干燥机的结构特点和工作原理；然后进行了不同温度条件下的稻谷干燥试验：分析了经过干燥机干燥后的稻谷爆腰增率、发芽率和发芽势与干燥温度的相关性。     

高齿准双曲面齿轮的设计方法与试验研究

通过增加工作齿高和对根切条件的深入研究，提出了高齿准双曲面齿轮的优化设计方法。这种方法可以有效地增大端面重合度，并保证所设计的齿轮不根切、齿顶不变尖，可在现有机床上使用标准系列刀具加工。台架试验表明，这种高齿准双曲面齿轮的噪声和振动量比普通准双曲面齿轮明显降低。